Journal: Cancers

Article Title: Implication of COPB2 Expression on Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Pathogenesis

doi: 10.3390/cancers14082038

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of COPB2 knockdown on biologic behavior of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) cells: ( A ) (i) COPB2 protein expression decreased predominantly after COPB2 knockdown in both HSC-1 and A431 cells (Magnification, 400×; Scale bar, 50 μm); (ii) Proliferation ability of both HSC-1 and A431 cells decreased significantly after COPB2 knockdown at the indicated time points (Both p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U-test). ( B ) (i) Representative patterns of cell invasion in each group of cSCC cells (Magnification, 100×; Scale bar, 200 μm). (ii) Invasion ability of both HSC-1 and A431 cells decreased significantly after COPB2 knockdown (Both p = 0.002, Mann-Whitney U-test). ( C ) Apoptotic cells increased predominantly after COPB2 knockdown in both HSC-1 and A431 cells. ( D ) (i) Tumor nodules of xenograft mouse models obtained from control and shCOPB2 groups of A431 cells (Scale bar, 1 cm). (ii) Volume of the tumor nodules increased significantly in control group compared to that in the COPB2 knockdown group at the indicated days (* p = 0.008, Mann-WhitneyU-test). (iii) Representative patterns of apoptotic cells in tumor nodules from each group of A431 cells-xenograft models (Magnification, 400×; Scale bar, 50 μm). Apoptotic cells were predominantly higher in the COPB2 knockdown group than in the control group in A431 cells ( p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U-test).

Article Snippet: COPB2 knockdown stable HSC-1 and A431, as well as related control cells, were established using pGFP-C-shCOPB2 lentiviral particles (OriGene, Rockville, MD, USA) and maintained in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA) and 1% streptomycin/penicillin (Gibco, Waltham, MA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: Aberrant methylation of the M-type phospholipase A 2 receptor gene in leukemic cells

doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-576

Figure Lengend Snippet: PLA2R1 gene methylations in different human cell lines

Article Snippet: In addition, genomic DNA from Raji (human B-cell leukemia), MCF7 (human mammary adenocarcinoma), and A431 (human melanoma) cell lines was purchased from BioCat GmbH (Heidelberg, Germany).

Techniques: Methylation

Journal: Cancer Management and Research

Article Title: Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins (GSPs) Inhibit the Development of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Regulating the hsa_circ_0070934/miR-136-5p/PRAF2 Axis

doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S302084

Figure Lengend Snippet: GSPs regulated hsa_circ_0070934 expression and the malignant progression of CSCC. A431 and SCL-1 cells were treated with different concentrations of GSPs for 24 h. ( A and B ) The expression of hsa_circ_0070934 was measured by qRT-PCR. MTT assay ( C and D ) and colony formation assay ( E ) were used to detect cell viability and the number of colonies to assess cell proliferation. ( F – H ) Flow cytometry was performed to determine the cell cycle process and apoptotic cells. ( I and J ) The numbers of migrated and invaded cells were evaluated by transwell assay. ( K ) The protein levels of PCNA, c-caspase 3/caspase 3 and MMP-3 were examined using WB analysis. * P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: Human CSCC cell lines (A431 and SCL-1) and normal epidermal cells (HaCaT) were obtained from Biovector National Typical Culture Center (NTCC, Beijing, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, MTT Assay, Colony Assay, Flow Cytometry, Transwell Assay

Journal: Cancer Management and Research

Article Title: Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins (GSPs) Inhibit the Development of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Regulating the hsa_circ_0070934/miR-136-5p/PRAF2 Axis

doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S302084

Figure Lengend Snippet: GSPs inhibited CSCC cell progression by regulating hsa_circ_0070934. ( A ) The transfection efficiency of hsa_circ_0070934 overexpression vector was assessed by detecting hsa_circ_0070934 expression in A431 and SCL-1 cells using qRT-PCR. ( B – L ) A431 and SCL-1 cells were transfected with Vector or hsa_circ_0070934 overexpression vector, and then treated with GSPs. Non-transfected cells were used as GSPs group. Non-transfected and non-treated cells were used as control group. ( B ) QRT-PCR was employed to detect hsa_circ_0070934 expression. Cell viability and the number of colonies were determined using MTT assay ( C and D ) and colony formation assay ( E ) to evaluate cell proliferation. ( F – H ) Cell cycle process and apoptotic cells were measured by flow cytometry. ( I – K ) Transwell assay was performed to assess the numbers of migrated and invaded cells. ( L ) WB analysis was utilized to test the protein levels of PCNA, c-caspase 3/caspase 3 and MMP-3. * P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: Human CSCC cell lines (A431 and SCL-1) and normal epidermal cells (HaCaT) were obtained from Biovector National Typical Culture Center (NTCC, Beijing, China).

Techniques: Transfection, Over Expression, Plasmid Preparation, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Control, MTT Assay, Colony Assay, Flow Cytometry, Transwell Assay

Journal: Cancer Management and Research

Article Title: Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins (GSPs) Inhibit the Development of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Regulating the hsa_circ_0070934/miR-136-5p/PRAF2 Axis

doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S302084

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hsa_circ_0070934 sponged miR-136-5p to regulate the progression of GSPs-treated CSCC cells. A431 and SCL-1 cells were transfected with Vector, hsa_circ_0070934, hsa_circ_0070934 + NC mimic or hsa_circ_0070934 + miR-136-5p mimic, and then treated with GSPs. ( A ) MiR-136-5p expression was measured by qRT-PCR. MTT assay ( B and C ) and colony formation assay ( D ) were performed to measure cell viability and the number of colonies to evaluate cell proliferation. ( E – G ) Cell cycle process and apoptotic cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. ( H – K ) The numbers of migrated and invaded cells were determined using transwell assay. ( L ) WB analysis was used to measure the protein levels of PCNA, c-caspase 3/caspase 3 and MMP-3. * P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: Human CSCC cell lines (A431 and SCL-1) and normal epidermal cells (HaCaT) were obtained from Biovector National Typical Culture Center (NTCC, Beijing, China).

Techniques: Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, MTT Assay, Colony Assay, Flow Cytometry, Transwell Assay

Journal: Cancer Management and Research

Article Title: Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins (GSPs) Inhibit the Development of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Regulating the hsa_circ_0070934/miR-136-5p/PRAF2 Axis

doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S302084

Figure Lengend Snippet: MiR-136-5p inhibited CSCC cell progression by targeting PRAF2. ( A and B ) The transfection efficiency of pcDNA PRAF2 overexpression vector was evaluated by detecting the mRNA and protein expression of PRAF2 in A431 and SCL-1 cells using qRT-PCR and WB analysis. ( C and D ) A431 and SCL-1 cells were transfected with NC mimic, miR-136-5p mimic, miR-136-5p mimic + pcDNA or miR-136-5p mimic + PRAF2. ( C and D ) The mRNA and protein expression of PRAF2 was measured by qRT-PCR and WB analysis. Cell viability and the number of colonies were analyzed using MTT assay ( E and F ) and colony formation assay ( G ) to assess cell proliferation. ( H – J ) Flow cytometry was utilized to detect cell cycle process and apoptotic cells. ( K – M ) Transwell assay was employed to evaluate the numbers of migrated and invaded cells. ( N ) The protein levels of PCNA, c-caspase 3/caspase 3 and MMP-3 were detected using WB analysis. * P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: Human CSCC cell lines (A431 and SCL-1) and normal epidermal cells (HaCaT) were obtained from Biovector National Typical Culture Center (NTCC, Beijing, China).

Techniques: Transfection, Over Expression, Plasmid Preparation, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, MTT Assay, Colony Assay, Flow Cytometry, Transwell Assay

Journal: Cancer Management and Research

Article Title: Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins (GSPs) Inhibit the Development of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Regulating the hsa_circ_0070934/miR-136-5p/PRAF2 Axis

doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S302084

Figure Lengend Snippet: GSPs restrained CSCC tumor growth via regulating the hsa_circ_0070934/miR-136-5p/PRAF2 axis. A431 cells were injected into nude mice, and then the mice were given a gavage of 200 mg/kg GSPs daily (0 mg/kg GSPs was used as control group) when the tumor volume reached about 100 mm 3 . ( A ) Tumor volume was measured every 4 days. ( B and C ) After the tumor was removed, the tumor was photographed and weighted. ( D and E ) The expression of hsa_circ_0070934 and miR-136-5p was measured by qRT-PCR. ( F and G ) The mRNA and protein expression of PRAF2 was determined using qRT-PCR and WB analysis. * P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: Human CSCC cell lines (A431 and SCL-1) and normal epidermal cells (HaCaT) were obtained from Biovector National Typical Culture Center (NTCC, Beijing, China).

Techniques: Injection, Control, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Engineering in Life Sciences

Article Title: Low‐frequency mechanical vibration induces apoptosis of A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells

doi: 10.1002/elsc.201900154

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mechanical vibration induces apoptosis but not necrosis of A431 cells. (A, C, and E) Area of apoptotic A431 cells (A A ) normalized to the value for control cells immediately after mechanical vibration (0 h, A) or after 24‐h (B) and 48‐h (C) incubation. (B, D, and F) As described for (A), (C), and (E), except the area of necrotic cells normalized to the control cells (A N ) is shown. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of n = 3. * P < 0.05 by Student's t ‐test

Article Snippet: The human epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431, which is considered a good model to study the biomechanical response of cancer cells to extracellular stimuli , was obtained from RIKEN (Wako, Saitama, Japan).

Techniques: Incubation

Journal: Engineering in Life Sciences

Article Title: Low‐frequency mechanical vibration induces apoptosis of A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells

doi: 10.1002/elsc.201900154

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mechanical vibration increases glucose consumption by A431 cells. Glucose uptake in culture supernatants was measured between 0 h and 24 h (A) or between 24 h and 48 h (B) after mechanical vibration. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of n = 3

Article Snippet: The human epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431, which is considered a good model to study the biomechanical response of cancer cells to extracellular stimuli , was obtained from RIKEN (Wako, Saitama, Japan).

Techniques:

Journal: Engineering in Life Sciences

Article Title: Low‐frequency mechanical vibration induces apoptosis of A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells

doi: 10.1002/elsc.201900154

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mechanical vibration does not increase HMGB1 release from A431 cells. HMGB1 levels in culture supernatants were analyzed by ELISA immediately after 0 h (A), or 24 h (B) and 48 h (C) after vibration. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of n = 3

Article Snippet: The human epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431, which is considered a good model to study the biomechanical response of cancer cells to extracellular stimuli , was obtained from RIKEN (Wako, Saitama, Japan).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay